Pathways involved in neural circuit formation and the regulation of neural connectivity are strongly implicated in autism by genomic and neuroanatomic findings. The Institute’s Program on Neuroscience seeks to understand how genes and molecular pathways that have been implicated in autism affect neural connectivity, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, GABAergic innervation, synapse function and cellular integrity. Better understanding of these pathways, and how they may be altered in autism, can lead to an understanding of the factors underlying difficulties in communication, movement, sensory processing and social interaction. This understanding may also inform strategies to compensate or intervene in ways that may reduce the challenges faced by individuals with autism.